Lake Victoria Marina Kisumu

• Geography & Climate:

This bird checklist covers the Teso, Busia region measuring approximate area of 13,030.6 km² situated in western Kenya. The area comprises of the two major sub-counties the Teso North and Teso South. The Teso, Busia region is bordered by the Teso of Uganda and the Padhola to the West; Bukusu to the North, Marachi to the East and Samia to the South.

The Teso region consists of a low-lying plain in the southwestern part bordering Uganda that gradually rises north-wards and eastwards towards the eastern escarpment of the Amukura Hills.

Away from the hills, the Teso, Busia region is largely made up of wetlands mainly along the Lwakhaka and Malaikisi Rivers and other rivers that empty their waters in the permanent papyrus swamps fringing the Kenya and Uganda border.

The hills and are the heartbeat of Teso as they are the sources numerous springs and streams many of which are seasonal especially in the northeastern part of Teso. Due to its topography, Teso is essentially a flood plain prone to flooding because of discharges from the surrounding hilly areas of Amukura and Chelelemuk. The region on the other hand is drained by numerous seasonal rivers that flow from the hills in the east through the plains and valleys discharging their waters towards the south and west. Most of these rivers flow filled with water from the hills especially after storms “flash floods” but shortly afterward are suitable enough to maintain water supply downstream.

• Geological Features

Most of the rocks underlying the Teso, Busia region are of the Gneiss-Granulite Complex with the exception of volcanic rocks in the areas surrounding the swamps. The soils of the Teso region comprise of mainly Plinthosols and Ferralsols but also include Gleysols, Fluvisols, Arenosols and Vertisols. The Karamoja region, while largely comprising of Vertisols, has a further other major soil types including Acrisols, Alisols, Arenosols, Calcisols, Cambrisols, Fluvisols, Ferralsols, Gleyisols, Leptosols, Luvisols, Lixisols, Nitisols, Phaezems, Planosols, Plinthosols, Regosols, Solonets, and Umbrisols.

The climate of the Teso region is characterised by tropical climate in the Teso region with bimodal rainfall (March-June and September-December) averaging between 1000 – 1350mm of rainfall annually.

• Suitable Birds’ Habitats

The Teso, Busia region is classified into four (4) major vegetation zones the East Sudanian savanna, the Southern Acacia bushlands, the Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic & thickets to the South-western and the North broad-leaved woodlands to the North.

Much of the area in the Teso, Busia region comprises of grasslands these have been categorized into seasonally-flooded Acacia- Hyparrhenia grasslands in the valleys sometimes classified as wetlands, while the plains are also covered by Butyrospermum Hyparrhenia savannah and Combretum-Acacia-Hyparrhenia savannah. Woodlands and forests are restricted to the tops of hills forming high altitude forest and along rivers forming riverine forests.

• Rivers & Wetlands

The Teso, Busia region, lacks open water bodies it is for this reason that most of papyrus wetlands are restricted to the Kenya Uganda border where they fringe the Lwakhaka River flood plians as the river finds its way into Lake Kyoga. Majority of the wetlands in the Teso, Busia region are seasonally flooded grasslands that extend from the papyrus wetlands following streams and rivers that flow in and out of the rivers and streams from the hills.

• Important Biodiversity Areas (IBAs)

The Teso, Busia region hosts 0 of the all Important Biodiversity Areas (IBAs)  in Kenya. This has led to poor understanding of bird species outside Kenya (IBAs) and has created a gap between nature and conservation.